init

count

shouldRetry

DefaultRetryManager

## Module overview

The `lang.error` module corresponds to the `error` basic type.


Retriable

Returns the error's cause.

```ballerina
error fileNotFoundError = error("file not found", file = "test.bal");
fileNotFoundError.cause() is () ⇒ true
error ioError = error("IO error", fileNotFoundError);
ioError.cause() ⇒ error("file not found",file="test.bal")
```



cause

error

Returns the error's detail record.

```ballerina
error("file not found", file = "test.bal").detail() ⇒ {"file":"test.bal"}
```

The returned value will be immutable.


detail

Returns the error's message.

```ballerina
error("IO error").message() ⇒ IO error
```



message

string

Returns an object representing the stack trace of the error.

```ballerina
error("IO error").stackTrace() ⇒ [callableName: main  fileName: test.bal lineNumber: 5]
```



stackTrace

a new object representing the stack trace of the error value
The first member of the array represents the top of the call stack.


Converts an error to a string that describes the value in Ballerina syntax.

The details of the conversion are specified by the ToString abstract operation
defined in the Ballerina Language Specification, using the expression style.

```ballerina
error("invalid salary", value = 0d).toBalString() ⇒ error("invalid salary",value=0d)
```



toBalString

Converts an error to a string.

The details of the conversion are specified by the ToString abstract operation
defined in the Ballerina Language Specification, using the direct style.

```ballerina
error("invalid salary", value = 0d).toString() ⇒ error("invalid salary",value=0)
```



toString

The type to allow control over retries performed 
by the `retry` statement and `retry transaction` statement.


RetryManager

Type representing a stack frame.
A call stack is represented as an array of stack frames.
This type is also present in lang.runtime to avoid a dependency.


Returns a string representing this StackFrame.
This must not contain any newline characters.


StackFrame

The type to which error detail records must belong.


Detail

The `lang.error` module corresponds to the `error` basic type.


Type for value that can be cloned.
This is the same as in lang.value, but is copied here to avoid a dependency.


readonly

Cloneable

table<map<Cloneable>>

A type parameter that is a subtype of error `Detail` record type.
Has the special semantic that when used in a declaration
all uses in the declaration must refer to same type.


DetailType

@cloud:Expose annotation marks a port that has to be exposed in a custom listener initializer.
```ballerina
public function init(@cloud:Expose int port) {}
```


@cloud:Task annotation to configure cron job.


The annotation, which is used for the constraints of the `anydata[]` type.


The annotation, which is used for the constraints of the `float` type.


The annotation, which is used for the constraints of the `int` type.


The annotation, which is used for the constraints of the `int`, `float`, and `decimal` types.


The annotation, which is used for the constraints of the `string` type.


The annotation to configure a GraphQL service.


The annotation which is used to configure a gRPC service.


The annotation which is used to define the response cache configuration. This annotation only supports `anydata` and
Success(2XX) `StatusCodeResponses` return types. Default annotation adds `must-revalidate,public,max-age=3600` as
`cache-control` header in addition to `etag` and `last-modified` headers.


The annotation which is used to configure the type of the response.


The annotation which is used to define the Header resource signature parameter.


The annotation which is used to define the Payload resource signature parameter and return parameter.


The annotation which is used to configure an HTTP resource.


The annotation which is used to configure an HTTP service.


Describes the Java class representing a Ballerina binding.
```ballerina
@java:Binding {
  'class: "java.io.File"
}
```


Describes a Java constructor, which provides an implementation of a Ballerina function of which the body is marked as
`external`. If the Ballerina function body is marked as `external`, it means that the implementation of the
function is not provided in the Ballerina source module.

The following code snippet shows an example usage of this annotation. Here, the `newJavaLinkedList` Ballerina function's
implementation is provided by the default constructor of the `java.util.LinkedList` class.
```ballerina
function newJavaLinkedList() returns handle = @java:Constructor {
     'class: "java.util.LinkedList"
} external;
```


Describes a Java Field access, which provides an implementation of a Ballerina function of which the body is marked as
`external`.
```ballerina
function getError() returns handle = @java:FieldGet {
    name:"err",
    'class:"java/lang/System"
} external;
```


Describes a Java Field mutate, which provides an implementation of a Ballerina function of which the body is marked as
`external`.
```ballerina
function setContractId(handle contractId) = @java:FieldSet {
  name:"contractId",
  'class:"org/lang/impl/JavaFieldAccessMutate"
} external;
```


Describes a Java method, which provides an implementation of a Ballerina function of which the body is marked as
`external`. If the Ballerina function body is marked as `external`, it means that the implementation of the
function is not provided in the Ballerina source module.

The following code snippet shows an example usage of this annotation. Here, the `getUUID` Ballerina function's
implementation is provided by the `java.util.UUID.randomUUID` static method.
```ballerina
function getUUID() returns handle = @java:Method {
    name: "randomUUID",
    'class: "java.util.UUID"
} external;
```
The `name` field is optional. If it is not provided, the name of the Java method is inferred
from the Ballerina function.


This is used for making a function observable.
Can be applied to functions which are not observable by default to make them observable.



Annotation for additional OpenAPI information of a Ballerina service.


The Annotation used to specify which database column matches the record field.


Identifies test factory function for dynamic test registration.
Identifies beforeSuite function.


The annotation which is used to configure local transaction participant function.


The annotation which is used to configure a WebSocket service.


WebSub Subscriber Configuration for the service, indicating subscription related parameters.


WebSub Hub Configuration for the service.


The annotation is used to denote the field that is considered an attribute.
In the XML-record conversion, this annotation can be used to add XML attribute using the `xmldata:toXML` API and
validate the XML attribute with record fields in the `xmldata:fromXml` API.


The annotation is used to specify the new name of the existing record name or field name according to the XML format.
In the XML-record conversion, this annotation can be used to override the default XML element name using the
`xmldata:toXML` API and validate the overridden XML element name with record field using the `xmldata:fromXml` API.


The annotation is used to specify the namespace's prefix and URI of the XML element.
In the XML-record conversion, this annotation can be used to add XML namespace using the `xmldata:toXML` API and
validate the the XML namespace with record in the `xmldata:fromXml` API.


Represents the client Basic Auth provider, which is used to authenticate with an external endpoint by generating a
Basic Auth token against the provided credential configurations.
```ballerina
auth:CredentialsConfig config = {
    username: "tom",
    password: "123"
}
auth:ClientBasicAuthProvider provider = new(config);
```


Represents the file user store based listener Basic Auth provider, which is used to authenticate the provided
credentials against the provided file user store configurations.
```ballerina
auth:ListenerFileUserStoreBasicAuthProvider provider = new;
```
The users are denoted by a section in the `Config.toml` file. The username, password, and the scopes of a particular
user are denoted as keys under the users section as shown below. For multiple users, the complete section has to be
duplicated.
```
[[ballerina.auth.users]]
username = "alice"
password = "password1"
scopes = ["scope1", "scope2"]
```


Represents the LDAP-based listener Basic Auth provider, which is used to authenticate the provided credentials
against the provided LDAP user store configurations. This connects to an active directory or an LDAP, retrieves
the necessary user information, and performs authentication and authorization.
```ballerina
auth:LdapUserStoreConfig config = {
    domainName: "ballerina.io",
    connectionURL: "ldap://localhost:389",
    connectionName: "cn=admin,dc=avix,dc=lk"
};
auth:ListenerLdapUserStoreBasicAuthProvider provider = new(config);
```


The `cache:Cache` object, which is used for all the cache-related operations. It is not recommended to insert `()`
as the value of the cache since it doesn't make any sense to cache a nil.


Represents a service listener that monitors the email server location.


The GraphQL context object used to pass the meta information between resolvers.


Represents the information about a particular field of a GraphQL document.


Defines the Basic Auth handler for client authentication.


Defines the Bearer token auth handler for client authentication.


Defines the self signed JWT handler for client authentication.


Defines the file store Basic Auth handler for listener authentication.


Defines the JWT auth handler for listener authentication.


Represents a default persistent cookie handler, which stores persistent cookies in a CSV file.



Represents the headers of the inbound request.


Implements a cache for storing HTTP responses. This cache complies with the caching policy set when configuring
HTTP caching in the HTTP client endpoint.



Represents a 'future' that returns as a result of an asynchronous HTTP request submission.
This can be used as a reference to fetch the results of the submission.


Implementation of round robin load balancing strategy.



Represents an HTTP/2 `PUSH_PROMISE` frame.



Configures the cache control directives for an `http:Request`.



Represents an HTTP Context that allows user to pass data between interceptors.


Configures cache control directives for an `http:Response`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_ACCEPTED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_ALREADY_REPORTED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_BAD_GATEWAY`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_BAD_REQUEST`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_CONFLICT`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_CONTINUE`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_CREATED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_EARLY_HINTS`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_EXPECTATION_FAILED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_FAILED_DEPENDENCY`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_FORBIDDEN`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_FOUND`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_GONE`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_IM_USED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_LENGTH_REQUIRED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_LOCKED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_LOOP_DETECTED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_MISDIRECTED_REQUEST`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_MOVED_PERMANENTLY`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_MULTIPLE_CHOICES`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_MULTI_STATUS`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_NETWORK_AUTHORIZATION_REQUIRED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_NO_CONTENT`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_NOT_ACCEPTABLE`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_NOT_EXTENDED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_NOT_FOUND`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_NOT_MODIFIED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_OK`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_PARTIAL_CONTENT`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_PAYMENT_REQUIRED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_PERMANENT_REDIRECT`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_PRECONDITION_FAILED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_PREDICTION_REQUIRED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_PROCESSING`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_REQUEST_TIMEOUT`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_RESET_CONTENT`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_SEE_OTHER`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_TOO_EARLY`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_UNAVAILABLE_DUE_TO_LEGAL_REASONS`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_UPGRADE_REQUIRED`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_URI_TOO_LONG`.



Represents the status code of `STATUS_USE_PROXY`.



Represents an IMAP Client, which interacts with an IMAP Server.


Represents a POP Client, which interacts with a POP Server.


Represents an SMTP Client, which interacts with an SMTP Server.


Represents an FTP caller that is passed to the onFileChange function


Represents an FTP client that intracts with an FTP server


The Ballerina GraphQL client that can be used to communicate with GraphQL APIs.


The base client used in the generated client code to provide remote functions for interacting with the caller.



The base client used in the generated client code to provide the capability for initiating the contact and executing remote calls with a remote gRPC service.


Defines the OAuth2 handler for client authentication.


Defines the LDAP store Basic Auth handler for listener authentication.


Defines the OAuth2 handler for listener authentication.


This is used for internal purposes to support reflection.


The base client used in the generated client code to provide the gRPC streaming client actions for
interacting  with the gRPC server.


The caller actions for responding to client requests.



The HTTP client provides the capability for initiating contact with a remote HTTP service. The API it
provides includes the functions for the standard HTTP methods forwarding a received request and sending requests
using custom HTTP verbs.


An HTTP client endpoint which provides failover support over multiple HTTP clients.



LoadBalanceClient endpoint provides load balancing functionality over multiple HTTP clients.



The client used by the generated persist clients to abstract and 
execute SQL queries that are required to perform CRUD operations.


Represents caller object in tcp service remote methods.



Initializes the TCP connection client based on the provided configurations.


Represents caller object in UDP service remote methods.



Initializes the UDP connectionless client based on the provided configurations.


Initializes the UDP connection oriented client based on the 
provided configurations.


Represents a WebSocket synchronous client endpoint.


Represents resource-discovery service which identify the `hub` and `topic` from `resource-URL`.


The HTTP based client for WebSub subscription and unsubscription.


HTTP Based client for WebSub content publishing to subscribers


The HTTP based client for WebSub topic registration and deregistration, and notifying the hub of new updates.


The `OAEPWithSHA256AndMGF1` padding mode.


The `OAEPwithSHA384andMGF1` padding mode.


The `OAEPwithSHA512andMGF1` padding mode.


The prefix used to denote the Basic authentication scheme.


The prefix used to denote the Bearer authentication scheme.


Always set accept-encoding/content-encoding in outbound request/response.


When service behaves as a HTTP gateway inbound request/response accept-encoding option is set as the
outbound request/response accept-encoding/content-encoding option.


Never set accept-encoding/content-encoding header in outbound request/response.


Represents the Authorization header name.


HTTP header key `age`. Gives the current age of a cached HTTP response. 


HTTP header key `cache-control`. Specifies the cache control directives required for the function of HTTP caches.


This is a more restricted mode of RFC 7234. Setting this as the caching policy restricts caching to instances
where the `cache-control` header and either the `etag` or `last-modified` header are present.


Represents the closed state of the circuit. When the Circuit Breaker is in `CLOSED` state, all requests will be
allowed to go through to the upstream service. If the failures exceed the configured threhold values, the circuit
will trip and move to the `OPEN` state.


Represents the half-open state of the circuit. When the Circuit Breaker is in `HALF_OPEN` state, a trial request
will be sent to the upstream service. If it fails, the circuit will trip again and move to the `OPEN` state. If not,
it will move to the `CLOSED` state.


Represents the open state of the circuit. When the Circuit Breaker is in `OPEN` state, requests will fail
immediately.


Always set chunking header in the response.


If the payload is less than 8KB, content-length header is set in the outbound request/response,
otherwise chunking header is set in the outbound request/response.}


Never set the chunking header even if the payload is larger than 8KB in the outbound request/response.


HTTP header key `connection`. Allows the sender to specify options that are desired for that particular connection.


HTTP header key `content-length`. Specifies the size of the response body in bytes. 


HTTP header key `content-type`. Specifies the type of the message payload. 


HTTP header key `date`. The timestamp at the time the response was generated/received. 


Constant for the default listener gracefulStop timeout in seconds


Constant for the default listener endpoint timeout in seconds


HTTP header key `etag`. A finger print for a resource which is used by HTTP caches to identify whether a
resource representation has changed.


HTTP header key `expect`. Specifies expectations to be fulfilled by the server. 


ballerina/lang.error

Module overview

Functions

cause

Parameters

Return Type

detail

Parameters

Return Type

message

Parameters

Return Type

stackTrace

Parameters

Return Type

toBalString

Parameters

Return Type

toString

Parameters

Return Type

Classes

lang.error: DefaultRetryManager

shouldRetry

Parameters

Object types

lang.error: RetryManager

shouldRetry

Parameters

lang.error: StackFrame

toString

Return Type

Records

lang.error: Detail

Fields

Types

lang.error: Cloneable

lang.error: DetailType

Errors

lang.error: Retriable

functions

classes

objectTypes

records

types

errors

ballerina/lang.error

Module overview

Functions

cause

Parameters

Return Type

detail

Parameters

Return Type

message

Parameters

Return Type

stackTrace

Parameters

Return Type

toBalString

Parameters

Return Type

toString

Parameters

Return Type

Classes

lang.error: DefaultRetryManager

shouldRetry

Parameters

Object types

lang.error: RetryManager

shouldRetry

Parameters

lang.error: StackFrame

toString

Return Type

Records

lang.error: Detail

Fields

Types

lang.error: Cloneable

lang.error: DetailType

Errors

lang.error: Retriable